From malnutrition to illiteracy: Five things that should worry India in 2017 | Latest News India - Hindustan Times
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From malnutrition to illiteracy: Five things that should worry India in 2017

ByIndiaSpend team
Dec 30, 2016 10:15 AM IST

As 2016 comes to a close, IndiaSpend analyses the status of five problems, and challenges that will continue in 2017.

In 2015, IndiaSpend wrote about five things that should worry India in 2016–slow growth in agriculture, climate change and the danger of drought, malnutrition, illiteracy, and reduced growth and trade forecasts. As 2016 comes to a close, we analysed the status of these five problems, and challenges that will continue in 2017.

Three-year-old Manoj Pawar suffers from malnutrition at Bambi Pada, Jawahar, Palghar District. India is home to over 40 million stunted children under five, more than any other country in the world.(Satish Bate/ Hindustan Times)
Three-year-old Manoj Pawar suffers from malnutrition at Bambi Pada, Jawahar, Palghar District. India is home to over 40 million stunted children under five, more than any other country in the world.(Satish Bate/ Hindustan Times)

1. Agriculture recovers, but benefits uncertain after demonetisation

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Over the fiscal year 2016-17, agriculture–which employs more than 700 million people–will grow by 4%, estimated CRISIL, a research agency.

Recovering from two–and some places even three–consecutive drought years, agriculture, for the first time since 2013, saw a growth of above 3% in the second quarter of 2016-17, over the same period in 2015-16.

Record summer crop production of rice, at 93.8 million tonnes, and pulses, at 8.7 million tonnes, is estimated in 2016-17, according to advance estimates by the agriculture ministry.

Source: Key Economic Indicators, Office of the Economic Advisor

But the withdrawal of old Rs 500 and Rs 1,000 notes in November 2016 has been a setback to the rural economy–on which 800 million people, or 65% of India’s population, depend–largely driven by cash.

Vehicles entering a rural market yard in Maharashtra dropped, onion prices halved in the biggest onion market in the country, the fishing economy in Goa faced roadblocks, and flower farmers in Madhya Pradesh lost business, as IndiaSpend’s visit to these regions revealed.

Read | Farmers forced to dump their produce as note ban turns bumper crop worthless

Similar reports from Uttar Pradesh, Odisha and other parts of the country appear to have dampened the bright agricultural prospects of 2016. But there is hope that cash pressures will ease in the long term, and the rural economy will be back to normal, according to a Livemint report.

2. Good monsoon; India signs climate change agreement; India has half of the world’s 20 cities with the most toxic air

From a severe drought in 11 states in June just before the arrival of the monsoon, India–barring Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and Kerala–received normal rains in 2016. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra received 20% more rain than normal.

Overall, rainfall patterns have become more irregular over the last decade. Extreme rainfall events in central India, the core of the monsoon system, are increasing and moderate rainfall is decreasing–as a part of complex changes in local and world weather–according to a clutch of Indian and global studies, as IndiaSpend reported in January 2016.

Read | 116 farmers committed suicide in 2016; 10 states reeling under drought

In 2016, India ratified the Paris Agreement, under which countries agreed to take steps to limit the rise of the earth’s temperature to under two degrees Celsius by the year 2100.

India also signed a legally binding international agreement, starting 2028, to phase down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)–gases that can have global warming potential up to 12,000 times more than carbon dioxide (CO2)–as IndiaSpend reported in October 2016.

Still, India will have to do more to prepare itself for the effects of climate change in the future. Between 2030 and 2050, a study, conducted by the University of Oxford, projected 136,000 climate-related deaths in India, according to an answer given by the environment ministry in the Lok Sabha (lower house of Parliament).

Even as CO2 concentration levels in the world breached 400 parts per million, levels that will last our lifetime, thick smog engulfed the nation’s capital and other northern states, with the concentration of toxic particles reaching up to 45 times above safe levels set by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Between 2011 and 2015, in a comparison of megacities with a population above 14 million, Delhi’s ambient air-pollution levels were worse than Beijing and Shanghai, according to an IndiaSpend analysis of 2016 WHO data. Indian cities make-up half of the world’s 20 most toxic cities, according to data from the WHO.

3. India still home to 40 million stunted children, largest number in the world

Even with declining child undernourishment rates, India is home to over 40 million stunted children under five, more than any other country in the world, IndiaSpend reported in January 2016. Stunting refers to low height for age.

Read | Children of hunger: Wasted young lives in the heart of India

India ranks 120 out of 130 countries in prevalence of wasting (15.1%), or low weight for height, according to the 2016 Global Nutrition Report, which ranks countries from lowest to highest prevalence.

At current rates of decline in malnutrition, India–currently lagging behind several poorer African countries–will achieve the current stunting rates of Ghana or Togo by 2030, and that of China by 2055, stated the report.

India also does poorly on indicators that could help reduce malnutrition.

For instance, there is a link between improved health of the mother and lower stunting prevalence in children under five, IndiaSpend issued on December 7, 2016. Demonetisation is expected to affect cash-intensive sectors such as retail and transportation and reduce demand due to adverse wealth effects.

Ambit Capital, a financial services firm, slashed its growth projection for the current year by 330 basis points to 3.5, BloombergQuint reported on December 19, 2016.

Now here’s the other side: “Economists are talking nonsense on GDP decline,” Aditya Puri, managing director of HDFC Bank, told Business Standard on November 30, 2016.

Consumer inflation is expected to remain in single digits (5% in December 2016-March 2017 quarter), but there is a risk it could increase, the RBI said, due to volatility in global crude oil prices, increased turbulence in financial markets and the effects of demonetisation.

This story first appeared on Indiaspend. Indiaspend.org is a data-driven, public-interest journalism non-profit

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